International health officials fighting a deadly
outbreak of Marburg fever in Angola said Tuesday that they had called in
church leaders, social anthropologists and even a popular music group to
help stop attacks on health workers clad in intimidating moon
suits.
As the virus has spread, killing 194 people so far, some
grieving residents have turned their anger toward relief workers, who have
halted traditional burial rituals and removed bodies from villages to
contain the virus.
Family members of Marburg victims have thrown
rocks at health workers, and rumors have been circulating that the
foreigners are spreading the disease.
"Imagine that a mother has
lost her children, and then in come guys in white full-body suits and
masks, and they don't allow the families to do their ritual washing of the
bodies," said David Daigle, a spokesman for the World Health Organization
in the province of Uige, northeast of the capital, Luanda.
Monica
Castellarnau, emergency coordinator for Doctors Without Borders in Uige,
told Reuters that fear of health workers had led some to hide Marburg
victims in their homes so as not to elicit a visit from
authorities.
"That means the virus keeps on spreading in the
community," she said.
Marburg, named for the German city where it
was discovered in 1967, kills about 90% of victims within 10 days.
Patients suffer high fever, severe diarrhea, vomiting and
bleeding.
The virus is one of the most deadly pathogens and can be
passed along by contact with any bodily fluid, including sweat. No vaccine
or cure exists for the disease, which is similar to Ebola.
The
current Marburg outbreak began in October and has claimed more victims
than any previous episode, killing most of the 214 people infected,
according to WHO. Most cases were in Uige, but two were in the densely
populated city of Luanda.
After the attacks on health workers, WHO
and Doctors Without Borders suspended the pickup of bodies for two days as
they sought help from government and religious leaders.
Health
workers have now changed their approach to residents, talking to survivors
before donning their masks.
Marburg is most contagious near the
time of death and shortly after, and transmission often occurs as Angolans
engage in the ritual washing of bodies.
Anthropologists and health
educators from South Africa and Mozambique are working with villagers to
create alternative cleansing rituals having mourners wash their own
hands with a water and bleach solution, for example, instead of washing
the body.
"We are trying to adjust with how they are dealing with
death and burial habits to make it as human as possible," said Erna van
Goor, head of the Doctors Without Borders mission in Luanda. "That really
will reduce a lot of the misunderstanding and anger."
A popular
local music group recently lost a singer to Marburg. On Tuesday, the group
recorded a song about the disease and how to work with health authorities.
It will be broadcast on the radio and from trucks that will drive from
village to village, Daigle said.
WHO and Doctors Without Borders
have 39 volunteers in Uige, including experts in epidemiology and
infection control. The groups are still uncertain about the scope of the
epidemic.
"We have a better sense in the areas very close to Uige,
but beyond we're just getting people in the nearby provinces to do case
investigations," said Dick Thompson, a Geneva-based WHO
representative.








